{"id":49,"date":"2025-04-20T20:44:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T18:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/djait.tn\/?page_id=49"},"modified":"2025-04-21T05:41:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T04:41:49","slug":"known","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/known\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 (1886 – 1970)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1886\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629: 5 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1970\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0649
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642)\u060c \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064d

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong>
– 1910: \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.
– 1919: \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633
– 1945: \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a
– 1947\u20131950: \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a
– 1957\u20131960: \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b<\/strong>
\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629

\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f
\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629

\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/p>\n\n

\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0637 (1935-\u00a02021\u00a0\u0645)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062e\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n\n

\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00a010 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u00a01354\u0647\u0640\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00a06 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a01935\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u00a0\u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a01962\u00a0\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u00a0\u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a01981. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0644\u00a0(\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644)\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u00ab\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u00a02012\u00a0\u06482015\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n\n

\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 1984<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 1986<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629: \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 1992<\/p>\n\n

\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 2000<\/p>\n\n

\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 2004<\/p>\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 2007<\/p>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. 1: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 1999<\/p>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. 2: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 2006<\/p>\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.3: \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 2014<\/p>\n\n

\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

1989: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/p>\n\n

2007:\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0633\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/p>\n\n

2015: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/p>\n\n

2016: \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/p>\n\n

2016: \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u00a0(\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646)<\/p>\n\n

\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0(\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/p>\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633)<\/p>\n\n



\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hichem_Dja%C3%AFt<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 (1886 – 1970) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1886\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629: 5 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1970\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0649\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642)\u060c \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a– 1910: \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.– 1919: \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633– 1945: \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a– 1947\u20131950: … <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture de « \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 »<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125,"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/djait.tn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}